Senin, 19 Mei 2008
description
These two are regarded in India as twins, the two aspects of a single discipline. Sāṅkhya provides a basic theoretical exposition of human nature, enumerating and defining its elements, analyzing their manner of co-operation in a state of bondage (bandha), and describing their state of disentanglement or separation in release (mokṣa), while Yoga treats specifically of the dynamics of the process for the disentanglement, and outlines practical techniques for the gaining of release, or 'isolation-integration' (kaivalya).[36]
Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
In Indian philosophy, Yoga is the name of one of the six orthodox philosophical schools.[30][31] The Yoga philosophical system is closely allied with the Samkhya school.[32] The Yoga school as expounded by Patanjali accepts the Samkhya psychology and metaphysics, but is more theistic than the Samkhya, as evidenced by the addition of a divine entity to the Samkhya's twenty-five elements of reality.[33][34] The parallels between Yoga and Samkhya were so close that Max Müller says that "the two philosophies were in popular parlance distinguished from each other as Samkhya with and Samkhya without a Lord...."[35] The intimate relationship between Samkhya and Yoga is explained by Heinrich Zimmer:
The Bhagavad Gita
The Bhagavad Gita ('Song of the Lord'), uses the term yoga extensively in a variety of senses. Of many possible meanings given to the term in the Gita, most emphasis is given to these three:[28]
- Karma yoga: The yoga of action
- Bhakti yoga: The yoga of devotion[27]
- Jnana yoga: The yoga of knowledge
The influential commentator Madhusudana Sarasvati (b. circa 1490) divided the Gita's eighteen chapters into three sections, each of six chapters. According to his method of division the first six chapters deal with Karma yoga, the middle six deal with Bhakti yoga, and the last six deal with Jnana (knowledge).[29] This interpretation has been adopted by some later commentators and rejected by others.
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Yoga History
Several seals discovered at Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1700 BC) sites depict figures in a yoga- or meditation-like posture, "a form of ritual discipline, suggesting a precursor of yoga." [12] Archaeologist Gregory Possehl points to 16 specific "yogi glyptics"[13] in the corpus of Mature Harappan artifacts as pointing to Harappan devotion to "ritual discipline and concentration." These images show that the yoga pose "may have been used by deities and humans alike."[14]
The most widely known of these images was named the "Pashupati seal"[15] by its discoverer, John Marshall, who believed that it represented a "proto-Shiva" figure.[16] Many modern authorities discount the idea that this "Pashupati" (Lord of Animals, Sanskrit paśupati)[17] represents a Shiva or Rudra figure.[18][19] Gavin Flood characterizes the Shiva or Rudra view as "speculative", and goes on to say that it is not clear from the 'Pashupati' seal that the figure is seated in a yoga posture, or that the shape is intended to represent a human figure.[20][21] Authorities who support the idea that the 'Pashupati' figure shows a figure in a yoga or meditation posture include Archaeologist Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, current Co-director of the Harappa Archaeological Research Project in Pakistan[22][23] and Indologist Heinrich Zimmer.[24]
Origins of Yoga
Yoga (Sanskrit: योग Yoga, IPA: [joːgə]) is a group of ancient spiritual practices originating in India[1] for the purpose of cultivating a steady mind. A practitioner of Yoga is called a Yogi or Yogini.
Yoga has been defined as "technologies or disciplines of asceticism and meditation which are thought to lead to spiritual experiences and a profound understanding or insight into the nature of existence."[2] Outside India, yoga is mostly associated with the practice of asanas (postures) of Hatha Yoga or as a form of exercise.
Many Hindu texts discuss aspects of yoga, including the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, and the Shiva Samhita.[1][3]
Major branches of yoga include: Hatha Yoga, Karma Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, and Raja Yoga.[4] [5] [6] Raja Yoga, established by the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, and known simply as yoga in the context of Hindu philosophy, is one of the six orthodox (āstika) schools of thought.
The Sanskrit term yoga has many meanings.[7] It is derived from the Sanskrit root yuj, "to control", "to yoke", or "to unite".[8] Common meanings include "joining" or "uniting", and related ideas such as "union" and "conjunction".[9] Another conceptual definition is that of "mode, manner, means"[10] or "expedient, means in general".[11]
Jumat, 09 Mei 2008
Poker Face
Tahukah anda ekspresi mata seseorang bisa mengungkapkan sesuatu kebohongan? Ketika seseorang ditanya dan langsung berpikir, biasanya bola matanya ikut langsung bergerak. Jika gerakan bola mata lebih ke arah kanan atau kanan atas maka bagian otak kanan yang bekerja atau Auditory Memory/Konstruksi. Sedangkan gerakan mata ke kiri melibatkan bagian otak kiri atau kreativitas. Jadi kalau anda bertanya kebenaran pada seseorang, dan bola matanya melirik ke kiri, maka ia sedang berusaha menggambarkan sesuatu yang kemungkinan itu adalah bohong
Pepsi RAW
Minuman soda Pepsi Cola meluncurkan produk baru bernama Pepsi Raw. Diluncurkan pertama kali di Inggris, terbuat dari bahan alami tanpa tambahan pengawet maupun pewarna. Dengan mengganti sirup jagung dengan gula murni. Pepsi raw berhasil mengurangi kalori hingga 90 kalori dari 120 kalori yang terdapat di pepsi biasa.
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